I am doing research on Variations in External Carotid Artery. Please send some text and photographs and some books and websites.

Books:

Bergman RA, Thompson SA, Afifi AK, Saadeh FA. Compendium of human anatomic variations . Urban & Schwarzenberg. Baltimore-Munich 65, 1988.

Kadir S. Regional anatomy of the thoracic aorta. In: Kadir S, ed. Atlas of normal and variant angiographic anatomy. 1st ed. Philadelphia: WB Saunders; 1991:19–54

Williams PL, Bannister LH, Berry MM, Collins P, Dyson M, Ferguson MWJ. Grays Anatomy , 38th edn. Churchill & Livingstone, Baltimore, 1515, 1995.

Articles:

Anderson RA, Sondheimer FK. Rare carotid-vertebrobasilar anastomoses with notes on the differentiation between proatlantal and hypoglossal arteries. Neuroradiology 1976;11:113–118[Medline]

Braeuer NR, Mallamo JT, Lynch RD. Anomalous lateral and inferior position of the external carotid artery: case report. J Can Assoc Radiol 1975;26:210-11.

Bussaka H, Sato N, Oguni T, Korogi M, Yamashita Y, Takahashi M. Lateral position of ECA. Rhinsho hoshasen 1990;35:1061-3.

Franklin PD, Lee RG, Allard JC, et al. Unilateral absence of the external carotid artery. Can Assoc Radiol J 1988;39:293–294[Medline]

Fujita N, Shimada N, Takimoto H, Satou T. MR appearance of the persistent hypoglossal artery. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 1995;16:990–992[Abstract]

Handa J, Matsuda M, Handa H. Lateral position of the external carotid artery. Report of a case. Radiology 1972;102:361-2.

Kaneko K, Akita M, Murata E, et al. Unilateral anomalous left common carotid artery: a case report. Anat Anz 1996;178:477–480[Medline]

Kolbinger R, Heindel W, Pawlik G, Erasmi-Korber H. Right proatlantal artery type I, right internal carotid occlusion, and left internal carotid stenosis: case report and review of the literature. J Neurol Sci 1993;117:232–239[Medline]

Kunishio K, Yamamoto Y, Sunami N, Asari S. Agenesis of the left internal carotid artery, common carotid artery, and main trunk of the external carotid artery associated with multiple cerebral aneurysms. Surg Neurol 1987;27:177–181[Medline]

Lasjaunias P, Theron J, Moret J. The occipital artery: anatomy: normal arteriographic aspects: embryological significance. Neuroradiology 1978;15:31–37[Medline]

Nakaoka T, Matsuura H. Unilateral absence of the external carotid artery: three case reports [in Japanese]. No Shinkei Geka 2002;30:1337–1342[Medline]

Patel AB, Gandhi CD, Bederson JB. Angiographic documentation of a persistent otic artery. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2003;24:124–126[Abstract/Free Full Text]

Prendes JL, McKinney WM, Buonanno FS, Jones AM. Anatomic variations of the carotid bifurcation affecting Doppler scan interpretation. J clin Ultrasound 1980;8:147-50.

Rao SB, Vollala VR, Rao M, Samuel VP, D, Nayak S, Pamidi N. Unusual position of external carotid artery: a case report. Indian J Plast Surg 2005;38:170-171

Rodriguez HE, Ziauddin MF, Podbielski FJ, et al. Congenital absence of the external carotid artery: atherosclerosis without a bifurcation. J Vasc Surg 2002;35:573–575[Medline]

Teal JS, Rumbaugh CL, Bergeron RT, Segall HD. Congenital absence of the internal carotid artery associated with cerebral hemiatrophy, absence of the external carotid artery, and persistence of the stapedial artery. Am J Roentgenol Radium Ther Nucl Med 1973;118:534–545[Medline]

Thomas RL, Mitchell DP. Facial paralysis with absence of internal and external carotid arteries. J Otolaryngol 1980;9:353–356[Medline]

Ueda S, Kohyama Y, Takase K. Peripheral hypoglossal nerve palsy caused by lateral position of the external carotid artery and an abnormally high position of bifurcation of the external and internal carotid arteries-a case report. Stroke 1984;15:736-9.

Zumre O, Salbacak A, Cicekcibasi AE, Tuncer I, Seker M. Investigation of the bifurcation level of the common carotid artery and variations of the branches of the external carotid artery in human fetuses. Ann Anat. 2005 Sep;187(4):361-9.

Websites:

Illustrated Encyclopedia of Human Anatomic Variation
http://www.anatomyatlases.org/AnatomicVariants/AnatomyHP.shtml

Many figures related to the ECA available on this site at:
http://www.google.com/custom?q=external+carotid&cof=LW%3A472%3BL%3Ahttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.anatomyatlases.org%2Fmisc%2Flogos%2FAnatomyAtlasesLogo.gif%3BLH%3A100%3BAH%3Acenter%3BAWFID%3A50516886654c180f%3B&sa=Search&domains=www.anatomyatlases.org&sitesearch=www.anatomyatlases.org

Figures:
Anatomy Atlases: Illustrated Encyclopedia of Human Anatomic ...
Abbreviations for both illustrations: ac= ascending cervical artery; cc= common carotid artery; e= superior thyroid artery, lateral branch; ec= external ...
www.anatomyatlases.org/AnatomicVariants/Cardiovascular/Images0100/0104.shtml - 7k - Cached - Similar pages

Anatomy Atlases: Illustrated Encyclopedia of Human Anatomic ...
4, right internal carotid artery 5, right external carotid artery 6, left common carotid artery 7, left external carotid artery 8, left internal carotid ...
www.anatomyatlases.org/AnatomicVariants/Cardiovascular/Images0001/0026.shtml - 5k - Cached - Similar pages

Anatomy Atlases: Illustrated Encyclopedia of Human Anatomic ...
Image of absence of internal carotid artery ... carotid as follows: ". . .the carotid artery furnishes the usual branches of the external carotid and ...
www.anatomyatlases.org/AnatomicVariants/Cardiovascular/Images0200/0289.shtml - 6k - Cached - Similar pages

Anatomy Atlases: Atlas of Human Anatomy: Plate 17: Figure 3
right common carotid artery arising from innominate (brachiocephalic) artery. common carotid artery bifurcation into external and internal carotid arteries. ...
www.anatomyatlases.org/atlasofanatomy/plate17/03arteriesrneck.shtml - 6k - Cached - Similar pages

Anatomy Atlases: Illustrated Encyclopedia of Human Anatomic ...
A. external maxillary (facial artery). A. anastomotica. A. inferior ulnar collateral. ... A. carotid facialis. A. external carotid. A. carotis cerebralis. ...
www.anatomyatlases.org/AnatomicVariants/Cardiovascular/SynonymsArteries.shtml - 65k - Cached - Similar pages

Anatomy Atlases: Illustrated Encyclopedia of Human Anatomic ...
Illustrated Encyclopedia of Human Anatomic Variation: Opus II: Cardiovascular System: ... Common Carotid Arteries • External Carotid Artery • Lingual Artery ...
www.anatomyatlases.org/AnatomicVariants/Cardiovascular/Directory/Region/ArteriesHeadNeckThorax.shtml - 9k - Cached - Similar pages

Anatomy Atlases: Atlas of Human Anatomy: Plate 17: Figure 4
... right common carotid artery. right subclavian artery. axillary artery. external carotid artery. internal carotid artery. superior thyroid artery. ...
www.anatomyatlases.org/atlasofanatomy/plate17/04arteriesveinsr.shtml - 6k - Cached - Similar pages

Anatomy Atlases: Atlas of Human Anatomy: Plate 25: Figure 4
common carotid artery. external carotid artery. internal carotid artery. thyroid artery. lingual artery. facial artery. submental artery. occipital artery. ...
www.anatomyatlases.org/atlasofanatomy/plate25/04deepnervesl.shtml - 8k - Cached - Similar pages

Anatomy Atlases: Illustrated Encyclopedia of Human Anatomic ...
These 6 arteries which extend beyond the orbit anastomose freely with branches of the external carotid artery. The lacrimal artery commonly anastomoses with ...
www.anatomyatlases.org/AnatomicVariants/Cardiovascular/Images0500/0516.shtml - 6k - Cached - Similar pages

Anatomy Atlases: Illustrated Encyclopedia of Human Anatomic ...
Illustrated Encyclopedia of Human Anatomic Variation: Opus II: ... a. carotis externis (external carotid artery); IC, a carotis internis (internal carotid ...
www.anatomyatlases.org/AnatomicVariants/Cardiovascular/Images0001/0087B.shtml - 8k - Cached - Similar pages

Anatomy Atlases: Atlas of Human Anatomy: Plate 26: Figure 1
Common carotid artery. External carotid artery. Internal carotid artery. Temporalis artery. Facial artery. Maxillary artery. Deep temporal artery. ...
www.anatomyatlases.org/atlasofanatomy/plate26/01ldeepnerves.shtml - 6k - Cached - Similar pages

Anatomy Atlases: Atlas of Human Anatomy: Plate 30: Figure 7
thoracic (descending) aorta. innominate artery. right subclavian artery. right common carotid artery. internal carotid artery. external carotid artery. ...
www.anatomyatlases.org/atlasofanatomy/plate30/07sympsystem.shtml - 8k - Cached - Similar pages

Anatomy Atlases: Atlas of Human Anatomy: Plate 25: Figure 2
common carotid artery. internal carotid artery. external carotid artery. superior thyroid artery. maxillary artery. temporal artery. temporal artery, ...
www.anatomyatlases.org/atlasofanatomy/plate25/02supnervesneckl.shtml - 8k - Cached - Similar pages

Anatomy Atlases: Atlas of Human Anatomy: Plate 32: Figure 3
common carotid artery. internal carotid artery (s. cerebralis). external carotid artery (s. facialis). superior thyroid artery. superior laryngeal artery. ...
www.anatomyatlases.org/atlasofanatomy/plate32/03arttonguenasal.shtml - 6k - Cached - Similar pages

Anatomy Atlases: Atlas of Human Anatomy: Plate 17*: Figure 1
... superior palpebral artery. infraorbital artery. external carotid artery. internal carotid artery. ramus to masseter muscle. posterior auricular artery. ...
www.anatomyatlases.org/atlasofanatomy/plate17a/01supplymaxillary.shtml - 6k - Cached - Similar pages

Anatomy Atlases: Illustrated Encyclopedia of Human Anatomic ...
31:This figure, representing the more or less common variant of the left carotid artery springing from the innominate trunk, was copied from Tiedemann ...
www.anatomyatlases.org/AnatomicVariants/Cardiovascular/Images0001/0087A.shtml - 8k - Cached - Similar pages

Anatomy Atlases: Atlas of Human Anatomy: Plate 17: Figure 2
... ophthalmic vein. frontal vein. external carotid artery. posterior auricular artery. superficial temporal artery. transverse facial artery. ...
www.anatomyatlases.org/atlasofanatomy/plate17/02arteriesveinsl.shtml - 6k - Cached - Similar pages

Anatomy Atlases: Atlas of Human Anatomy: Plate 19: Figure 4
... innominate artery. right common carotid artery. right subclavian artery. ... internal iliac artery (hypogastric artery). external iliac artery (cruralis ...
www.anatomyatlases.org/atlasofanatomy/plate19/04overview.shtml - 9k - Cached - Similar pages

Anatomy Atlases: Atlas of Human Anatomy: Plate 2: Figure 2
p) External auditory meatus. q) Entrance to the carotid canal (passage for internal carotid artery and the carotid nerve). r) Styloid process (origin for mm ...
www.anatomyatlases.org/atlasofanatomy/plate02/02outerbaseskull.shtml - 8k - Cached - Similar pages

Anatomy Atlases: Atlas of Human Anatomy: Plate 30: Figure 2
o) External carotid artery. p) Posterior auricular artery. q) Stylomastoid artery. r) Maxillary artery. s) Deep auricular artery. ...
www.anatomyatlases.org/atlasofanatomy/plate30/02tymplint.shtml - 6k - Cached - Similar pages

Anatomy Atlases: Atlas of Human Anatomy in Cross Section: Section ...
20. Longus capitis m. 21. External carotid a. 22. Internal carotid a. ... The vertebral artery (34, 36) is seen crossing transversely from the foremen of ...
www.anatomyatlases.org/HumanAnatomy/1Section/24.shtml - 10k - Cached - Similar pages

Anatomy Atlases: Illustrated Encyclopedia of Human Anatomic ...
Illustrated Encyclopedia of Human Anatomic Variation: Opus II: Cardiovascular System: ... Sternocleidomastoid (See also External Carotid, Facial) ...
www.anatomyatlases.org/AnatomicVariants/Cardiovascular/Directory/Alphabetical/S.shtml - 16k - Cached - Similar pages

Anatomy Atlases: Atlas of Human Anatomy in Cross Section: Section ...
49. Facial nerve. 50. External auditory meatus 51. Internal carotid a. ... Vascular elements identified are internal carotid artery (19, 51), sigmoid sinus ...
www.anatomyatlases.org/HumanAnatomy/1Section/20.shtml - 10k - Cached - Similar pages

Anatomy Atlases: Atlas of Human Anatomy in Cross Section: Section ...
17. Jugular v. 18. External auditory meatus. 19. Internal carotid a. ... Several major vessels are seen in this section: internal carotid artery (4, 19), ...
www.anatomyatlases.org/HumanAnatomy/1Section/23.shtml - 7k - Cached - Similar pages

Anatomy Atlases: Illustrated Encyclopedia of Human Anatomic ...
Diagrams illustrate development of stapedial artery and formation of middle ... ie, the connection between stapedial and external carotid arteries, ...
www.anatomyatlases.org/AnatomicVariants/Cardiovascular/Images0500/0530.shtml - 5k - Cached - Similar pages

Anatomy Atlases: Atlas of Human Anatomy in Cross Section: Section ...
External carotid a., bifurcation from common carotid a. ... The vertebral artery enters the sixth foramina in about 87% of cases, the seventh foramina in 5% ...
www.anatomyatlases.org/HumanAnatomy/2Section/02.shtml - 9k - Cached - Similar pages

Anatomy Atlases: Atlas of Human Anatomy: Plate 18: Figure 1
External abdominal oblique (both sides are cut). ... innominate artery. right common carotid artery. right subclavian artery. thyreocervical trunk, ...
www.anatomyatlases.org/atlasofanatomy/plate18/01torsoaxillathigh.shtml - 10k - Cached - Similar pages

Anatomy Atlases: Illustrated Encyclopedia of Human Anatomic ...
Illustrated Encyclopedia of Human Anatomic Variation: Opus II: ... Pericardial fold between left pulmonary artery and subjacent pulmonary vein. ...
www.anatomyatlases.org/AnatomicVariants/Cardiovascular/SynonymsVeins.shtml - 35k - Cached - Similar pages

Anatomy Atlases: Atlas of Human Anatomy in Cross Section: Section ...
Internal carotid a. 46. Lymph node 47. External jugular v. ... trunk (14) is located between the internal carotid artery and internal jugular vein (16). ...
www.anatomyatlases.org/HumanAnatomy/2Section/01.shtml - 9k - Cached - Similar pages

Anatomy Atlases: Atlas of Human Anatomy in Cross Section: Section ...
Internal carotid a. 17. External auditory meatus 18. Facial nerve (CN 7) 19. Jugular foramen, internal jugular v. 20. Mastoid air cells 21. Sigmoid sinus ...
www.anatomyatlases.org/HumanAnatomy/1Section/21.shtml - 9k - Cached - Similar pages

Anatomy Atlases: Atlas of Human Anatomy in Cross Section: Section ...
Major vascular structures seen in this section include the internal carotid artery (6), ... The pinna (12) and external auditory meatus (11) are seen. ...
www.anatomyatlases.org/HumanAnatomy/1Section/22.shtml - 8k - Cached - Similar pages

Anatomy Atlases: Atlas of Human Anatomy: Plate 22: Figure 1
... external jugular vein. subclavian vein. subclavian artery. common carotid artery. maxillary artery. anterior facial vein. temporal artery and vein. ...
www.anatomyatlases.org/atlasofanatomy/plate22/01headtrunkarmhand.shtml - 7k - Cached - Similar pages

Anatomy Atlases: Atlas of Human Anatomy: Plate 25: Figure 3
internal jugular vein. common carotid artery. superior thyroid artery. facial artery (s. external maxillary artery). maxillary artery (s. internal maxillary ...
www.anatomyatlases.org/atlasofanatomy/plate25/03deepnervesl.shtml - 7k - Cached - Similar pages

Anatomy Atlases: Atlas of Human Anatomy: Plate 26: Figure 5
c) Carotid canal. d) Styloid process. e) Jugular foramen. f) External acoustic ... internal carotid artery. internal jugular vein. posterior intercostal ...
www.anatomyatlases.org/atlasofanatomy/plate26/05antspinal.shtml - 8k - Cached - Similar pages

Anatomy Atlases: Atlas of Human Anatomy: Plate 35: Figure 2
... external iliac artery and vein (s. cruralis). middle sacral artery and vein. ... subclavian artery. common carotid artery. internal thoracic artery and ...
www.anatomyatlases.org/atlasofanatomy/plate35/02bopenthorax.shtml - 7k - Cached - Similar pages

Anatomy Atlases: Illustrated Encyclopedia of Human Anatomic ...
Illustrated Encyclopedia of Human Anatomic Variation: Opus II: ... left vein; q, left external jugular vein; r, branches of the right pulmonary artery; s, ...
www.anatomyatlases.org/AnatomicVariants/Cardiovascular/Images0300/0381.shtml - 6k - Cached - Similar pages

Anatomy Atlases: Atlas of Human Anatomy: Plate 25: Figure 1
middle meningeal artery (branch of the maxillary artery). internal carotid artery. lacrymal artery. artery, muscle branch. supraorbital artery. ...
www.anatomyatlases.org/atlasofanatomy/plate25/01basecranial.shtml - 9k - Cached - Similar pages

Anatomy Atlases: Atlas of Human Anatomy: Plate 27: Figure 2
External abdominal oblique. t) m. Internal abdominal oblique. u) Common carotid artery. v) Subclavian artery. w) Axillary artery. x) Internal jugular vein. ...
www.anatomyatlases.org/atlasofanatomy/plate27/02nervesraxlatthor.shtml - 7k - Cached - Similar pages

Anatomy Atlases: Illustrated Encyclopedia of Human Anatomic ...
Illustrated Encyclopedia of Human Anatomic Variation: Opus III: Nervous System ... N. external spermatic, genital branch of genitofemoral ...
www.anatomyatlases.org/AnatomicVariants/NervousSystem/Synonyms.shtml - 59k - Cached - Similar pages

Anatomy Atlases: Atlas of Human Anatomy: Plate 22: Figure 2
a) Axillary artery. b) Axillary vein. c) Brachial artery and vein. d) Internal jugular vein. e) Common carotid artery. f) External jugular vein. g) Trachea. ...
www.anatomyatlases.org/atlasofanatomy/plate22/02lymphaxilla.shtml - 5k - Cached - Similar pages

Anatomy Atlases: Atlas of Human Anatomy in Cross Section: Section ...
Common carotid a. 10. Vertebra a. 11. Internal jugular v. 12. External jugular ... artery and vein (51), transverse cervical artery and vein (48), external ...
www.anatomyatlases.org/HumanAnatomy/2Section/03.shtml - 9k - Cached - Similar pages

Anatomy Atlases: Atlas of Human Anatomy in Cross Section: Section ...
This variation occurs in about 30°o of individuals. The lateral thoracic artery has also been reported to arise from the second part of the axillary in 50%, ...
www.anatomyatlases.org/HumanAnatomy/2Section/05.shtml - 9k - Cached - Similar pages

Anatomy Atlases: Atlas of Human Anatomy: Plate 19: Figure 3
left common carotid. internal jugular vein. external jugular vein. ... superficial temporal artery. maxillary artery. deep temporal artery. ...
www.anatomyatlases.org/atlasofanatomy/plate19/03maxillaryface.shtml - 6k - Cached - Similar pages

Anatomy Atlases: Illustrated Encyclopedia of Human Anatomic ...
Illustrated Encyclopedia of Human Anatomic Variation: Opus II: Cardiovascular ... Common carotid, left. a. Carotid, internal. b. Carotid, external; facial ...
www.anatomyatlases.org/AnatomicVariants/Cardiovascular/Images0500/0505.shtml - 10k - Cached - Similar pages

Anatomy Atlases: Atlas of Human Anatomy in Cross Section: Section ...
Important blood vessels in the neck include the common carotid (6101) and ... The subclavian artery (94) takes the same route, behind the anterior scalene ...
www.anatomyatlases.org/HumanAnatomy/2Section/06.shtml - 11k - Cached - Similar pages

Anatomy Atlases: Atlas of Human Anatomy in Cross Section: Section ...
Common carotid a. 6. Internal jugular v. and vagus nerve, CN 10 7. Clavicle 8. External jugular v. joining subclavian v., and valve leaflet 9. Subclavian a. ...
www.anatomyatlases.org/HumanAnatomy/2Section/07a.shtml - 9k - Cached - Similar pages